algorithms

BPE vs Unigram comparison and subword regularization.

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AI research
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Content

# Tokenization Algorithms

BPE vs Unigram comparison and subword regularization.

## BPE (Byte-Pair Encoding)

### Algorithm

1. Initialize vocabulary with characters
2. Count frequency of adjacent token pairs
3. Merge most frequent pair
4. Repeat until vocabulary size reached

### Example

**Corpus**:
```
low: 5
lower: 2
newest: 6
widest: 3
```

**Iteration 1**:
- Most frequent pair: 'e' + 's' (9 times)
- Merge → 'es'
- Vocabulary: [chars] + ['es']

**Iteration 2**:
- Most frequent: 'es' + 't' (9 times)
- Merge → 'est'
- Vocabulary: [chars] + ['es', 'est']

**Result**: `newest` → `new|est`, `

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